In , [3] Godfrey Thomson wrote a paper criticizing Spearman's g :. The object of this paper is to show that the cases brought forward by Professor Spearman in favor of the existence of General Ability are by no means 'crucial. The essential point about Professor Spearman's hypothesis is the existence of this General Factor. Both he and his opponents are agreed that there are Specific Factors peculiar to individual tests, both he and his opponents agree that there are Group Factors which run through some but not all tests.
The difference between them is that Professor Spearman says there is a further single factor which runs through all tests, and that by pooling a few tests the Group Factors can soon be eliminated and a point reached where all the correlations are due to the General Factor alone.
Spearman originally came up with the term General Intelligence, or as he called it, g , to measure intelligence in his Two Theory on Intelligence.
Spearman first researched in an experiment with 24 children from a small village school measuring three intellectual measures, based on teachers rankings, to address intellectual and sensory as the two different sets of measure: School Cleverness, Common Sense A and Common Sense B. Spearman proposed that intellectual and sensory measure be combined as assessment of general intelligence. Spearman proposed that his two-factor theory has two components.
The general intelligence, g , influences the performance on all mental tasks, while another component influences abilities on a particular task. This second factor he named s , for specific ability. To visualize g , imagine a Venn diagram with four circles overlapping.
In the middle of the overlapping circles, would be g , which influences all the specific intelligences, while s is represented by the four circles. Though the specific number of s factors are unknown, a few have been relatively accepted: mechanical, spatial, logical, and arithmetical. Rising interest in the debate on the structure of intelligence prompted Spearman to elaborate and argue for his hypothesis.
He claimed that g was not made up of one single ability, but rather two genetically influenced, unique abilities working together. He called these abilities 'eductive' and 'reproductive'. He suggested that future understanding of the interaction between these two different abilities would drastically change how individual differences and cognition are understood in psychology, possibly creating the basis for wisdom.
Many researches are currently using Spearman's form of intelligence testing in their current studies. Although not all of the studies are currently using Spearman's exact model for intelligence testing, they are adding some modern concepts to that study.
Spearman described that there was a functional relationship between intelligence and Sensory Discriminatory Abilities. James W. Kalat is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at North Carolina State University, where he taught courses in introduction to psychology and biological psychology from through In addition to textbooks, he has written journal articles on taste-aversion learning, the teaching of psychology, and other topics. He was twice the program chair for the annual convention of the American Psychological Society, now named the Association for Psychological Science.
I had an intro to psychology class in BYU-Provo and we used this book. May 4, 9, Views. Introduction to Psychology 11th edition kalat is an introductory book on Psychology. Kalat is the book author. Author belongs to North Carolina State University. Enlarge cover. The language in writing is not difficult to understand as I expected. Enjoyed that he seems skeptical. Drugs can be useful, but relying entirely on them can be a mistake.
Lists with This Book. Books by James W. Account Options Sign in. For an introductory book on psychology I thought this eas a great text to read for class. Introduction to Psychology James W. Cengage LearningJan 1, — Psychology — pages. Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. Apr 18, Christina rated it liked it. The colorful pages with a lot of pictures give me more comprehension and easy to determine.
Nov 06, Chris rated it it was amazing. Emotions Stress and Health. No eBook available CengageBrain. Preview — Introduction to Psychology by James W. By prompting students to ask themselves questions like How was this conclusion reached?
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